Student Loan Forgiveness for Firefighters

In most cases, local, state, or federal fire departments do not require education beyond a high school diploma or GED. However, if you want to advance or have a goal to become chief, you may need higher education.

But there’s a catch. The debt you incur when you take out an education loan as a student can easily outstrip the income you receive as a firefighter, a median $51,680 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics^[1]. Fortunately, firefighters are one of the professions that are eligible for student loan forgiveness.

How Student Loan Forgiveness for Firefighters Works

Qualification for PSLF is not immediate. You have to take a number of steps first. If you start now and follow the steps below, you would be eligible for loan forgiveness in 10 years, assuming you’ve already graduated.

1. First, you must enroll in a hardship-based federal repayment plan.
   1. Income Based Repayment (IBR)
   2. Income Contingent Repayment (ICR)
   3. Pay as You Earn (PayE)
2. It’s also recommended that you complete the Employment Certification Form to certify your employment eligibility for PSLF. You must work full-time to qualify.
3. You then make 120 qualified payments to your repayment plan; you can change plans as long as you maintain enrollment in the three programs above.
4. During that time, you should re-certify your employment annually or anytime you change jobs. This ensures you continue to work for a department that qualifies you for PSLF.
5. After 120 payments (10 years) you apply for PSLF. Once approved, the federal government forgives the remaining balances on all federal student loans included in your repayment plan.

Maintaining eligibility for PSLF

As you can see from the instructions above, qualifying for loan forgiveness all depends on maintaining eligibility. You must meet the qualification for forgiveness throughout the ten years of repayment. This can be challenging.

• You can’t move out of the public service sector. Firefighters usually qualify for PSLF because city and municipal employment count as public service. However, you can’t switch careers, work for a company and still get your loans forgiven.
• You must make ALL qualified payments during the 10-year term. It’s important to note if you enroll in PayE and your income is especially low, some payments may be waived. This counts as making a qualified payment.

Employment certification is not a requirement to qualify for forgiveness through PSLF. However, the Department of Education through StudentAid.gov recommends getting certified early and maintaining it. It’s the only way to affirm you can earn forgiveness in 10 years.

What if I’m a volunteer firefighter?

You have to actually be employed full-time to take advantage of PSLF as a firefighter. However, there are other programs you may be able to qualify for. Take a look at what one of our experts had to say when a reader and volunteer firefighter asked us this question.

Changes to the student loan forgiveness program

People often think Public Service Loan Forgiveness is Obama Student Loan Forgiveness. In fact, the Department of Education created and implemented PSLF under George W. Bush. The program started back in 2007.

Interestingly enough, that means the first loans the first participants in PSLF only became eligible for forgiveness in October 2017. That's when the first borrowers completed their 120 qualified payments on a hardship-based repayment plan. If you’ve been a firefighter since 2007 or 2008 and have been working to meet all your eligibility requirements, then you're probably hoping to see your remaining balances forgiven soon.

Unfortunately, there's no guarantee that everyone who thinks they qualify for PSLF will be successful. According to a recent report from the Department of Education, 99% of all applications received in 2018 have been rejected. Of the 65,500 applications processed, only 610 were approved.^[2] The others were rejected due to incomplete paperwork or often a failure to meet qualification requirements. So basically, many borrowers are getting to the end of their 10-year repayment period only to fail at securing forgiveness on the remaining balances.

Why are so many applications rejected?

The Department of Education says one-third of the applications were incomplete; so the paperwork wasn't filed completely or properly. But the other two-thirds were rejected because the borrower didn't meet all the requirements for qualification. Some borrowers didn't have the right types of loans. Others weren't enrolled in the right repayment plan. And still, others have found that their employment didn't qualify them for forgiveness.

The last reason is the most contentious. During the Obama administration, the DoED expanded the PSLF program to cover more people in more types of jobs. But the current administration has scaled back. Even people that took the step of maintaining ongoing Employment Certification have found that a position that was certified no longer qualifies.

This means that if you're working to meet the requirements for PSLF, you need to take the following steps to ensure you qualify:

1. Make sure you are enrolled in one of four hardship-based repayment plans. Only the IBR, ICR, PayE, and RePayE will allow you to qualify for forgiveness.
2. If you haven't consolidated your loans with a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan, you should do so now. This will ensure that all your debts qualify for forgiveness.
3. Recertify your employment, even if you haven't changed jobs since the last time you were certified. This will ensure your employment still qualifies under the new DoED rules.

Federal Perkins Loan Cancellation for Firefighters

This program is specifically for Federal Perkins Loans. It can cancel 100% of your loans over five years for service that occurred after August 14, 2008. This is how the cancellation breaks down:

• Year 1: 15%
• Year 2: 15%
• Year 3: 20%
• Year 4: 20%
• Year 5: 20%

Talk to your school or loan servicer about canceling your Perkins Loans if you think you qualify.

Finally, consider talking to a debt specialist. Don't rely on your loan servicer to give you the information you need. They're notoriously bad at providing information necessary to borrowers. Instead, you need an independent third party that can act as your advocate. They have your best interest at heart, so they'll make sure you meet the qualification standards necessary to qualify for forgiveness.